Correct answer: G 1 , S, and G 2. Explanation : Interphase in the cell cycle encompasses the G 1 , S, and G 2 phases, as it shows the period of growth and DNA replication that a cell must go through to prepare for mitosis. Possible Answers: S. Correct answer: G 0. Explanation : Because they do not divide, central nervous system nerve cells do not need to experience growth G 1 and G 2 phases , DNA replication S phase , or mitosis M phase.
Possible Answers: M. Correct answer: G 2. Explanation : Cancer can often be the result of a problem with the checkpoint at the end of the G 2 phase, as this is the last stop for regulation before the cell undergoes division. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication? Possible Answers: The G1 phase. Correct answer: The S phase. Explanation : The S phase is when the cell replicates its DNA, resulting in chromatid pairs that will split apart during mitosis.
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I have a good faith belief that the use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law. Contrary to general belief, the distinction between these two processes does not lie on a requirement for O 2!
The relationship between the pH drop in muscles during lactate production and the occurrence of cramps is discussed in detail in these two papers. This process is called lactic fermentation. Many other kinds of fermentation have been found in microorganisms, and the most well-known among these is alcoholic fermentation: Respiration. Under normal conditions, the only way for protons to flow back to the matrix is through a special protein: ATP synthetase.
This complex protein contains two major portions: an intermembrane proton channel F 0 coupled to a catalytic protein complex F 1 facing the mitochondrial matrix. It is normally converted into ATP in the mitochondrial electron transport chain if oxygen is present. They both donate electrons by providing an hydrogen molecule to the oxygen molecule to create water during the electron transport chain. NADH is a product of both the glycolysis and Kreb cycles. FADH2 is only produced in Krebs cycle.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide, or FADH2, is a redox cofactor that is created during the Krebs cycle and utilized during the last part of respiration, the electron transport chain. As electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another hydrogen ions are transported into the intermembrane space at three specific points in the chain. The transportation of hydrogen ions creates a greater concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space than in the matrix which can then be used to drive ATP Synthase and produce ATP a high energy molecule.
In the diagram located below there are the major electron transporters responsible for making energy in the ETC. It should be noted from the diagram below that ubiquinone a hydrophobic carrier that resides within the membrane receives electrons from several different electron carriers.
Cytochrome c a hydrophilic carrier found with in the intermembrane space on the other hand only transfers electrons from III to IV. The driving force of the ETC is the fact that each electron carrier has a higher standard reduction potential than the one that it accepts electrons from. Standard reduction potential is a measure of the ability to accept or donate electrons.
Oxygen has the highest most positive standard reduction potential which means that is is most likely to accept electrons from other carriers.
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